This paper addresses the possibility of using the Baum test as an effective means of assessing elementary school students' self-esteem. Participants included 335 (171 male, 164 female) elementary school students in grades 4 to 6. Measurements included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Baum Test. This study established 15 interpretation criteria with scoring criteria for each index. Data analysis was performed using Cohen's kappa coefficient, cross tabulation, and discriminant analysis. The results indicated that a total of 7 indices showed statistical significance. In the case of total indices, center-oriented location, appropriate tree size, and absence of baseline and landscape were more prevalent in the drawings made by children with high self-esteem. In terms of detail indices, trunk knots were more commonly observed in the drawings of low self-esteem children. But served trunk and trunk shading were more prevalent in the drawings by children with high self-esteem. All other indices showed meaningful differences in the Baum Test cross tabulation when a discriminant analysis was performed. The results of the analysis indicated an 64.5% discriminatory power for the variables, and tree size, baseline, landscape, trunk knots, and trunk shading were statistically significant variables. Therefore, It was found that the Baum Test can be an effective tool for the assessment of elementary school students' self-esteem.