The purpose of this study was to review the various applications of real-time ultrasound imaging for measuring and training patients with musculoskeletal impairment and to provide basic information for future research using ultrasound imaging in rehabilitation. To know the various applications of real-time ultrasound imaging in the rehabiliation field, we searched previously published articles concerning the application of real-time ultrasound imaging for musculoskeletal imp airments by computerised databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. All types of articles related to the topic published in English during time period from 1990 to 2007 were included. Meta-analysis/systematic review of experimental studies, literature reviews, randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, other experimental trials study designs were included in the review. The results of the literature review were as follow; There was evidence supporting the valid and reliable use of real-time ultrasound imaging for studying muscle activity patterns in rehabilitation. There was evidence showing real-time ultrasound imaging enhancing the therapist’s ability to monitor TrA and multifidus contractions in different activity between abdominal muscle groups. These was evidence providing an effective method for the non-invasive measurement of abdominal muscle thickness during functional activities. Therefore, we suggest that the real-time ultrasound imaging may provide an effective treatment strategy for learning the skills of deep muscle contraction and monitoring the progress of skills from non-functional to functional activities.